Why did Biblical literalism become popular in the 19th/20th century?
A significant factor that fueled the popularity of Biblical literalism was the rise of fundamentalism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Biblical literalism, the belief that the Bible should be interpreted as the literal word of God without allowance for metaphorical or allegorical interpretations, became increasingly popular in the 19th and 20th centuries for a variety of historical, social, and cultural reasons.
This shift towards a more literal interpretation of the Bible had significant implications for religious thought and practice, shaping the beliefs of many Christians during this time period.
One of the key factors that contributed to the rise of Biblical literalism in the 19th and 20th centuries was the period of scientific and intellectual advancements known as the Enlightenment. During this time, there was a growing emphasis on reason, rationality, and empirical evidence as the primary sources of knowledge and understanding.
This shift towards a more secular worldview led to a backlash among some religious communities, who sought to uphold the authority and credibility of the Bible as a source of truth amidst the challenges posed by modern scientific discoveries.
Another significant factor that fueled the popularity of Biblical literalism was the rise of fundamentalism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Fundamentalism was a movement within Protestant Christianity that sought to reaffirm and defend the foundational beliefs and doctrines of the Christian faith.
Central to the fundamentalist worldview was a strict adherence to the literal interpretation of the Bible, which was seen as a necessary defense against the perceived threats of modernity and secularism.
The cultural and social upheavals of the 19th and 20th centuries also played a role in the rise of Biblical literalism. As traditional social structures and values came under increasing scrutiny and challenge, many individuals and communities sought solace and stability in a return to what they saw as timeless and unchanging truths found in the Bible. The literal interpretation of the Bible provided a sense of certainty and security in a rapidly changing world, offering clear answers and guidelines for moral and ethical living.
Additionally, the spread of Biblical literalism was facilitated by the proliferation of mass media and print culture during the 19th and 20th centuries. The availability of Bibles and religious literature in print form made it easier for individuals to access and study the Bible on their own, leading to a greater emphasis on individual interpretation and understanding of the text. This democratization of religious knowledge contributed to the spread of literalistic beliefs among a wider audience.