Apr 28, 2025

10 Key Beliefs of Judaism Explained

Judaism teaches that God provided 613 commandments (mitzvot) in the Torah that dictate how Jews should live their lives. These commandments cover various aspects of daily living, including ethical behavior, rituals, and laws of diet and family.

Judaism is one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions, steeped in rich traditions and practices. The core beliefs of Judaism shape the lives of its followers and provide a framework for their relationship with God, community, and moral conduct. Here are ten key beliefs of Judaism explained:

1. Monotheism

At the heart of Judaism is the belief in a single, all-powerful God who is the creator of the universe. This belief in one God, or “Shema,” is foundational and emphasized in the daily prayers: “Hear, O Israel: the Lord our God, the Lord is one” (Deuteronomy 6:4). This monotheistic stance distinguishes Judaism from polytheistic religions.

2. The Covenant

Jews believe that God entered into a special covenant with the people of Israel, choosing them as His chosen people. This covenant is characterized by a set of laws and ethical obligations that the Jewish people are to follow, as outlined in the Torah. The covenant emphasizes the relationship between God and His people and the responsibilities inherent in that relationship.

3. The Torah

The Torah, comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, is considered the central text in Judaism. It contains laws, teachings, and stories that guide Jewish life and practice. It is revered not just as a historical document but also as a living guide that is relevant to everyday life.

4. Mitzvot (Commandments)

5. The Importance of Community

Community plays a vital role in Judaism. The concept of “Kehillah,” or community, emphasizes the necessity of coming together to support one another in spiritual and practical matters. Jewish worship often takes place in synagogues, and communal gatherings strengthen bonds among members and encourage collective worship and learning.

6. The Afterlife

While beliefs about the afterlife vary among Jewish denominations, many Jews believe in some form of life after death. The concept of “Olam Ha-Ba” (the World to Come) reflects a belief in a future, spiritual existence where souls can experience closeness to God. Emphasis is placed on actions in this life, as they dictate one’s standing in the afterlife.

7. The Messiah

Judaism believes in the eventual coming of the Messiah (Mashiach), a future leader who will restore Israel and bring peace to the world. The Messiah is seen as a human figure who will bring about a time of justice, harmony, and divine knowledge, fulfilling God’s promises to His people.

8. Tikkun Olam (Repairing the World)

The concept of “Tikkun Olam” emphasizes the responsibility of individuals to contribute to social justice and better the world. This belief encourages active engagement in humanitarian efforts, ethical behavior, and working toward social change, reflecting God’s will for a just and compassionate society.

9. Ethical Monotheism

Judaism teaches that belief in one God leads to moral and ethical behavior. This belief system inspires followers to live righteous lives, emphasizing accountability and moral integrity. The teachings of the Prophets in the Hebrew Bible often call for justice, mercy, and ethical conduct.

10. The Role of Rituals and Ceremonies

Judaism places considerable importance on rituals and ceremonies which mark significant life events and seasons. From Shabbat (the Sabbath) observance to lifecycle events such as bar and bat mitzvahs, weddings, and funerals, these rituals connect individuals with their heritage, community, and faith.

These ten key beliefs provide a foundational understanding of Judaism, reflecting its rich history, values, and traditions. Through studying and practicing these beliefs, Jewish individuals cultivate a deeper relationship with God, uphold ethical standards, and contribute positively to their communities.