Who did Joshua make a treaty with?

In the Old Testament, Joshua is described as a military leader who succeeded Moses and led the Israelites into the Promised Land. During his conquest of Canaan, Joshua made a number of treaties with the local inhabitants in order to secure his position and ensure peaceful coexistence.

One of Joshua's most famous treaties was with the Gibeonites, a nearby city-state that was part of the Amorite confederation. According to the biblical account, the Gibeonites tricked Joshua and the Israelites into making a covenant with them by pretending to be from a distant land and seeking protection. Joshua and his leaders were taken in by the deception and agreed to let the Gibeonites live and serve as their allies.

Despite the deception, Joshua honored the treaty and allowed the Gibeonites to remain in the land. This decision was not without controversy, as some of Joshua's followers were angry that they had been tricked and felt that the Gibeonites should be punished. However, Joshua recognized the importance of keeping his word and maintaining peaceful relations with neighboring tribes.

In addition to the Gibeonites, Joshua also made treaties with other nearby city-states, including the Hivites, Jebusites, and Amorites. These treaties were designed to prevent conflict and establish a system of mutual protection and support.