Which holiday is shared by both Jews and Christians?

Judaism and Christianity, while distinct in their beliefs and practices, are historically and theologically intertwined. Both religions have rich calendars filled with sacred days, but a common question arises: Is there a holiday that both Jews and Christians share? The answer is yes—Passover, known in Hebrew as Pesach, is the holiday most profoundly shared by Jews and Christians, though it is observed and understood differently by each faith. This blog post will explore the significance of Passover in both traditions, its historical and spiritual roots, and how it continues to bridge communities today.

Passover in Jewish Tradition

Passover is one of the most important and ancient festivals in Judaism. It commemorates the liberation of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, as recounted in the Book of Exodus. According to the biblical narrative, God commanded Moses to lead the Israelites out of Egypt after a series of devastating plagues. On the night of their deliverance, the Israelites marked their doors with lamb’s blood so that the Angel of Death would “pass over” their homes, sparing their firstborns while the Egyptians suffered the final plague.

Every year, Jewish families gather to celebrate Passover with a festive meal called the Seder, which retells the story of the Exodus through prayers, songs, and symbolic foods such as matzah (unleavened bread), bitter herbs, and a roasted shank bone. The Seder is not merely a commemoration of ancient events; it’s a living tradition that emphasizes themes of freedom, faith, and gratitude. Passover lasts for seven or eight days (depending on tradition), during which time leavened bread is avoided to remember the haste of the Israelites’ departure.

The Christian Connection: Passover and Easter

For Christians, the connection to Passover is rooted in the events of Holy Week, culminating in Easter. According to the New Testament, Jesus’ Last Supper with his disciples was a Passover meal. During this meal, Jesus broke bread and shared wine, instituting what Christians now call the Eucharist or Holy Communion. The symbolism of Passover—the liberation from slavery and the passing over from death to life—resonates deeply with Christian theology.

The timing of Easter is directly linked to Passover. Jesus was crucified and resurrected during the Passover festival in Jerusalem. Early Christians, many of whom were Jewish, continued to celebrate Passover, but with new meaning centered on Jesus as the “Lamb of God.” Over time, the observance evolved into the distinct Christian holiday of Easter, which commemorates the resurrection of Jesus and the promise of new life.

Similarities and Differences in Observance

While both Jews and Christians mark Passover, their celebrations have significant differences. Jewish Passover remains focused on the Exodus and God’s faithfulness in delivering his people from bondage. The rituals and symbolic foods serve as tangible connections to the past and reminders of God’s enduring promises.

For Christians, the Last Supper and the events of Good Friday and Easter Sunday are interpreted as the fulfillment of Passover’s themes. Jesus is seen as the ultimate Passover lamb, whose sacrifice brings spiritual liberation from sin and death. In many Christian traditions—especially among Eastern Orthodox and some Protestant groups—there is a conscious effort to connect Easter celebrations to the Jewish Passover, sometimes even incorporating elements of the Seder into Holy Week services.

Despite these differences, both holidays center on themes of freedom, redemption, sacrifice, and hope. The shared historical context reminds both communities of their common roots and the ways in which their faiths have diverged and interacted throughout history.

Other Shared Elements: Pentecost/Shavuot

While Passover is the most prominent example, it is worth noting that another holiday pairs the Jewish and Christian calendars: Shavuot (the Feast of Weeks) and Pentecost. Shavuot celebrates the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai, occurring fifty days after Passover. Pentecost, observed fifty days after Easter, commemorates the coming of the Holy Spirit upon the disciples. Both festivals mark spiritual revelation and the formation of a faith community.

Lessons from a Shared Heritage

The fact that Jews and Christians share holidays rooted in the same biblical events is a testament to their intertwined histories. It offers opportunities for mutual respect, dialogue, and deeper understanding. In today’s world, where religious differences can often lead to misunderstanding, recognizing and celebrating what is shared can help build bridges.