In 1 Timothy 5:23, the apostle Paul writes to Timothy, “No longer drink only water, but use a little wine for the sake of your stomach and your frequent ailments.” This passage has led to much speculation and debate about what kind of wine Paul was referring to. Was it fermented or unfermented? Was it grape juice or a stronger alcoholic beverage? The Greek word that Paul uses for wine in this passage is “oinos,” which can refer to any kind of wine, whether it is fermented or unfermented. Some s…

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